{"id":6011,"date":"2019-11-26T10:56:25","date_gmt":"2019-11-26T10:56:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.galgus.net\/?p=718"},"modified":"2019-11-26T10:56:25","modified_gmt":"2019-11-26T10:56:25","slug":"discovering-and-peering-wifi-devices-in-802-11s-mesh-networks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.galgus.ai\/en\/blog\/discovering-and-peering-wifi-devices-in-802-11s-mesh-networks\/","title":{"rendered":"Discovering and peering WiFi devices in 802.11s mesh networks"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Mesh networks are an efficient way to connect WiFi devices without using Ethernet cabling to connect to the backbone. It consists of WiFi devices that have one or more radios, with the particularity that they are all considered STAs (clients) and <strong>none of them is considered an AP in the network architecture<\/strong>. Neighboring radios are discovered using beacons and may or may not be paired to create a communications channel based on various criteria that are left to the discretion of the administrator.<\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-723\" src=\"https:\/\/www.galgus.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/nodos-500x281.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" \/><\/p>\n<p>However, the configuration is not clear in most scenarios.<\/p>\n<p>That is why in this article we characterize the <strong>discovery and peering of devices<\/strong> based on mesh networks based on 802.11s.<\/p>\n<p>1. Radio stations evaluate <em>RSSI_threshold<\/em> when they <strong>discover a nearby radio<\/strong> candidate to peer with them:<\/p>\n<p>a) If that candidate radio has more signal than the threshold, <strong>the link is established<\/strong> (<em>mesh plink<\/em> will remain: <em>ESTAB<\/em> and <em>mesh PS mode<\/em> will remain: <em>ACTIVE<\/em> in <code>iw dev wlan0 station dump<\/code>).<\/p>\n<p>b) If that candidate radio has less signal than the threshold, <strong>the link is not established<\/strong> (<em>mesh plink<\/em> will remain: <em>LISTEN<\/em> and <em>mesh PS mode<\/em> will remain: <em>UNKNOWN<\/em> in <code>iw dev w wlan0 station dump<\/code>).<\/p>\n<p>In both cases, in the web they shall appear in the list of connected stations, but in case b) the Throughput will be 0 and the Bandwidth will be 0 as well.<\/p>\n<p>2. Once they have discovered the nearby radios and the peering has been determined, it doesn&#8217;t matter if it goes above or below the threshold. In other words, moving the AP closer or further away does not change from <em>ESTABLISHED<\/em> to <em>LISTEN<\/em> or vice versa. In order for the candidates to be re-evaluated, the radio or AP must be restarted (by doing <code>wifi<\/code>). <strong>A connection established before setting the threshold will still be established<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>3. Even if you change the threshold during runtime (with <code>iw dev wlan0 set mesh_param mesh_rssi_threshold<\/code>), if the radio or AP is not restarted (by doing <code>wifi<\/code>), the condition will not be re-evaluated. <strong>An established connection that deteriorates after setting the threshold will not be blocked<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>4. <em>RSSI_threshold<\/em> can be set on the web (negative value) or in <code>\/etc\/config\/wireless<\/code>. And then restart the radio or AP. Therefore, the <code>iw-full<\/code> tool is not needed.<\/p>\n<p>5. If you want to <strong>block a particular radio candidate<\/strong>, you can use <code>plink_action<\/code> against the MAC of that radio. The <em>mesh plink<\/em> will remain: <em>BLOCKED<\/em> in <code>iw dev wlan0 station dump<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p>6. If you want to <strong>limit the number of radio peers<\/strong> that link to your radio, you can use <em>mesh_max_peer_links<\/em>, knowing that you will accept the first ones you find (watch out, as they are not necessarily the best ones) until you reach the set number. The <em>mesh plink<\/em> will remain: <em>BLOCKED<\/em> in <code>iw dev wlan0 station dump<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p>We hope this clarification will be helpful to all network engineers and technicians who want to configure and operate mesh networks based on 802.11s.    \t<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mesh networks are an efficient way to connect WiFi devices without using Ethernet cabling to connect to the backbone. It consists of WiFi devices that have one or more radios, with the particularity that they are all considered STAs (clients) and none of them is considered an AP in the network architecture. Neighboring radios are [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":5655,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6011","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Discovering and peering WiFi devices in 802.11s mesh networks | Galgus<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.galgus.ai\/en\/blog\/discovering-and-peering-wifi-devices-in-802-11s-mesh-networks\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Discovering and peering WiFi devices in 802.11s mesh networks | Galgus\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Mesh networks are an efficient way to connect WiFi devices without using Ethernet cabling to connect to the backbone. It consists of WiFi devices that have one or more radios, with the particularity that they are all considered STAs (clients) and none of them is considered an AP in the network architecture. Neighboring radios are [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.galgus.ai\/en\/blog\/discovering-and-peering-wifi-devices-in-802-11s-mesh-networks\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Galgus\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/GalgusCHT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-11-26T10:56:25+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.galgus.ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/nodos.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"566\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"318\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"galgus\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@galgus_\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@galgus_\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta 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